Desk fans help to reduce the perceived temperature by around 2. o.

Where this isn’t possible, external ductwork can be considered, however there are other issues such as building appearance and Planning Permission that can make this unfeasible.. Exhausts for fume cabinets, ducted MBSCs, storage cabinets, and LEV (local extract ventilation) will also need to find their way to roof level.With limited riser space this means upper-floor office conversions are preferable, though these tend to be less advantageous from an access or structural point of view..

It is essential roof exhausts have efflux arrangements that ensure discharged fumes get sufficiently away from the building to prevent recirculation into make-up systems or to anyone on the roof or in a nearby building.In the UK, the British Standard has a blanket statement requiring fume stacks be either 3m high or 25% the building height – whichever is greater.For tall buildings this can lead to very high stacks that would impact the building’s appearance and will likely require Planning Permission.

For example, a 10-storey office building with an average floor to floor height of 4m would require a stack 10m tall (nearly 3 storeys.)There are a few ways to challenge this, including CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) modelling and the use of alternative discharge stacks (e.g.

strobic fans), which may be necessary for some office to lab conversions.

Of course, local standards elsewhere will vary.. 5.So while an inpatient room is optimised for patient comfort and the facilitation of day to day care activities, an operating theatre has more complex variables to incorporate: medical procedures, heightened levels of infection control plus the associated surgical staff, flows of clean and dirty consumables, carefully controlled flows of air, extensive use of medical equipment and data etc..

The optimal design, which we call the Reference Design, can then be largely created by combining these Chips in the most efficient way.This Reference Design can then be built again and again as a fixed product, by clients who have control over site conditions, as per the MoJ Houseblocks..

But for those who need flexibility, the Reference Design becomes far easier to configure flexibly into a physical asset when broken down into its ‘Chips’ (with more or less flexibility in how these are arranged depending on the asset type.)By digitally modelling the design against the given brief/constraints using Chips, we can quickly see how well the design will work, and what we can adapt to fit the wide range of needs and constraints involved.